Open innovation development of private colleges in China

Since their large-scale emergence in the 1990s, private colleges in China have achieved significant development along with the transition of Chinese higher education from the elite stage to the universal stage. However, due to institutional deficiencies and resource constraints, private colleges cannot replicate the development model of public colleges and universities. Based on the needs for development and future competition, private colleges have to seek different development paths from public universities in order to break through resource constraints and improve their own development performance. We choose Tianfu College, a private college in China, as a research case, and adopt an inductive qualitative approach and an exploratory case study strategy based on grounded theory, with the development practice of knowledge production as the research subjects. The data is formed through semi-structured interviews, on-site observations, and the collection of secondary data. The research results show that 1) Private colleges in China can achieve good development performance in knowledge production through open innovation strategy. 2) Private colleges in China can adopt resource bricolage to break through resource constraints and achieve open innovation development performance in knowledge production. 3) Top management teams with high achievement needs and high ambiguity tolerance, entrepreneurial oriented organizational culture and organic organization help the private college in China achieve open innovation development performance in knowledge production. Our findings further expand the scope of open innovation research subjects, enrich the content of research on the development model of private colleges, and have positive practical implications for the development of private colleges in China.Desde a sua emergência em larga escala na década de 90 do século passado, as faculdades privadas na China alcançaram, no seu conjunto, um desenvolvimento significativo, que ocorreu juntamente com a transição do ensino superior chinês da fase elitista para a fase de popularização, e depois para a fase de universalização. Contudo, devido a deficiências institucionais e à limitação de recursos, as faculdades privadas não podem replicar o modelo de desenvolvimento das faculdades e universidades públicas. Com base numa necessidade de desenvolvimento realista e de concorrência futura, as faculdades privadas têm de procurar vias de desenvolvimento diferentes, de modo a ultrapassar as limitações de recursos e melhorar o seu próprio desempenho. Escolhemos Tianfu College, uma faculdade privada na China, como caso de investigação, e adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa indutiva e uma estratégia exploratória de estudo de caso baseada na Grounded Theory, sendo o tema de investigação a prática de desenvolvimento da produção de conhecimento. Os resultados da investigação mostram que 1) Um colégio privado na China pode alcançar um bom desempenho de desenvolvimento na produção de conhecimento através de uma estratégia de inovação aberta. 2) Um colégio privado na China pode adotar uma abordagem da bricolagem de recursos para quebrar as restrições de recursos e obter um desempenho de desenvolvimento de inovação aberta na produção de conhecimento. 3) Uma equipa de gestão de topo com elevada necessidade de concretização e elevada tolerância à ambiguidade, uma cultura organizacional orientada para o empreendedorismo e uma estrutura orgânica, são condições para se alcançar um elevado desempenho na produção de conhecimento através de inovação aberta. Os resultados permitem alargar o âmbito da investigação em inovação aberta, enriquecem o conteúdo da investigação sobre modelos de desenvolvimento das faculdades privadas, e têm implicações práticas positivas para o desenvolvimento das faculdades privadas na China

Analysis of Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by the 2018 Bering Sea Meteor Explosion Based on GPS Observations

The Bering Sea meteor explosion that occurred on 18 December 2018 provides a good opportunity to study the ionospheric disturbances caused by meteor explosions. Total electron content (TEC) is the core parameter of ionospheric analysis. TEC and its changes can be accurately estimated based on the Global Positioning System (GPS). TID is detected in time and frequency domain based on power spectrum and Butterworth filtering method. By analyzing the waveform, period, wavelength, propagation speed and space-time distribution of TID, the location of the TID source is determined, and the process of TID formation and propagation is understood. The TID caused by meteor explosions has significant anisotropy characteristic. Two types of TID were found. For the first type, the average horizontal propagation velocity is 250.22 ± 5.98 m/s, the wavelength is ~135–240 km, the average period is about 12 min, and the propagation distance is less than 1400 km. About 8 min after the meteor explosion, the first type of TID source formed and propagated radially at the velocity of 250.22 ± 5.98 m/s. For the second type, the propagation velocity is ~434.02 m/s. According to the waveform, period, wavelength and propagation velocity of the TID, it is diagnosed to be the midscale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTID). Based on the characteristics of TID, we infer that the TID is excited by the gravity waves generated by the meteor explosion, which is in accordance with the propagation law of gravity waves in the ionosphere. And it is estimated that the average velocity of the up-going gravity waves is about 464.58 m/s. A simple model was established to explain the formation and the propagation of this TID, and to verify the characteristics of the TID propagation caused by nuclear explosion, earthquake, tsunami, and Chelyabinsk meteorite blast. It is estimated that the position of the TID source is consistent with the meteor explosion point, which further indicates that the TID is caused by the meteor explosion and propagates radially

Effects of Wind Disturbance on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Quadrotor MAV during Hovering

Wind disturbance could render thrust and power variation or even causing roll which is difficult to maintain a steady flight in gust especially when the horizontal or vertical wind is involved. In this paper, the horizontal wind and vertical wind are presented to study the influence of wind disturbance on aerodynamic characteristics of the quadrotor aircraft in hovering by experiments and numerical simulations. First, the simplified aerodynamic model with the wind disturbance was analyzed in detail. Also, the low-speed wind tunnel tests were performed to obtain the thrust and power variation of the quadrotor aircraft with rotor spacing ratio s=1.1-1.8 in both horizontal and vertical winds of 0-5 m/s with the rotational speed ranging from 1500 to 2300 rpm. Finally, the simulations are performed by utilizing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS to study the flow field distribution of quadrotor with the influence of the wind disturbance. The comparison between experimental results and simulation results shows that the quadrotor achieves better aerodynamic performance with larger thrust and smaller power consumption at rotor spacing ratio s=1.8. Additionally, the quadrotor can effectively resist the horizontal wind disturbance, which will bring larger power loading for the quadrotor, especially at 2.5 m/s. However, the vortices near blade-tip move upwards and deform with the influence of vertical wind, resulting in the reduction of thrust and aerodynamic performance of the quadrotor

The Process Quality Control Method Based on Coupling Machining Sensor Network

To monitor the dynamic changes of process quality and reduce the quality fluctuation in machining process, a process quality control method based on coupling machining sensor network (CMSN) is proposed to improve product quality. The advantage of CMSN is to combine the complex network with sensor technology. The purpose of this paper is to explore influence of coupling relationships between machining errors on the product quality by analyzing the stability of CMSN. Firstly, the mapping rules between machining process and network elements are provided to construct the topological model of CMSN. Next some performance indices of sensor nodes are defined and calculated to explore the self-organization stability of CMSN so that the appropriate sensor configuration can be selected to ensure the local stability of machining process. On this basis, the whole stability of CMSN is investigated by analyzing the nodes coupling so that the error accumulations are analyzed to improve product quality. Finally, a case study is provided to verify the feasibility of proposed method, in which Monte Carlo simulation is used to produce required quality data. The whole stability of CMSN for blade machining is discussed. It is expected that the proposed method can provide some guidance for machining process

A Common Ground Experiment Testbed for Synthetic Mission Demonstration of Small Satellites

AThis paper introduces the development of a ground experiment testbed for synthetic mission demonstration of small satellites in National University of Defense Technology (NUDT). This testbed consists of five parts: test platform, small satellite simulator, monitoring and control system, data collecting and simulation system, and displaying system. It can simulate small satellite motion with two or three degree of freedom by means of smooth granite platform and air bearing system, and support hardware-in-the-loop simulation. This experiment testbed has been applied to several multi-satellite mission demonstration projects, including the formation flying of three small satellites, the rendezvous and docking of two small satellites, the on-orbit refueling demonstration, etc. The experiment processes as well as the results of these experiments are given in this paper

Robust Model Predictive Control of Networked Control Systems under Input Constraints and Packet Dropouts

This paper deals with the problem of robust model predictive control (RMPC) for a class of linear time-varying systems with constraints and data losses. We take the polytopic uncertainties into account to describe the uncertain systems. First, we design a robust state observer by using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints so that the original system state can be tracked. Second, the MPC gain is calculated by minimizing the upper bound of infinite horizon robust performance objective in terms of linear matrix inequality conditions. The method of robust MPC and state observer design is illustrated by a numerical example

Coupling between Nitrification and Denitrification as well as Its Effect on Phosphorus Release in Sediments of Chinese Shallow Lakes

The coupling of nitrification and denitrification has attracted wide attention since it plays an important role in mitigating eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In order to study the coupling relationship between nitrification and denitrification, as well as its effect on phosphorus release, nutrient levels, functional gene abundance and potential rates involved in nitrification and denitrification were analyzed in three shallow urban lakes with different nutrient status. Trophic level was found positively related to not only copy numbers of functional genes of nitrosomonas and denitrifiers, but also the potential nitrification and denitrification rates. In addition, the concentrations of different forms of phosphorus showed a positive correlation with the number of nitrosomonas and denitrifiers, as well as potential nitrification and denitrification rates. Furthermore, the number of functional genes of nitrosomonas exhibited positive linear correlations with functional genes and rate of denitrification. These facts suggested that an increase in phosphorus concentration might have promoted the coupling of nitrification and denitrification by increasing their functional genes. Strong nitrification-denitrification fueled the nitrogen removal from the system, and accelerated the phosphorus release due to the anaerobic state caused by organic matter decomposition and nitrification. Moreover, dissolved organic nitrogen was also released into the water column during this process, which was favorable for balancing the nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. In conclusion, the close coupling between nitrification and denitrification mediated by nitrifier denitrification had an important effect on the cycling mode of nitrogen and phosphorus.</p

Ambient Particulate Matter (PM_2.5/PM₁₀) Exposure and Emergency Department Visits for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China During 2014: A Case-Crossover Study

Background: Epidemiology studies have shown a consistently increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) correlated with particulate matter (PM) exposure. However, little is known about the association with specific AMI subtypes. In this work, we investigated the association between short-term PM exposure and emergency department visits (EDVs) for AMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Methods: We based this case-crossover study on 2749 patients from Chaoyang District hospitalized with AMI in Anzhen Hospital during 2014. Meteorological and air pollution data were collected during this period. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design with lag model, adjusted for meteorological conditions and/or other gaseous pollutants, to estimate risk of EDVs for AMI, STEMI, and NSTEMI. We conducted stratified analyses by gender, age, season, and comorbid conditions to examine potential effect modification. Results: We found that each 10 mu g/m(3) increment of PM2.5 concentration (1-day lagged) was associated with an increased risk of EDVs for STEMI (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11). We found no association of PM2.5 concentration with overall AMI or NSTEMI. No effect modification was found when stratified by gender, season, or comorbid conditions, even though the effect size was larger in patients who were male, smokers, and comorbid with hypertension. Patients aged &gt;= 65 years showed a significantly increased risk of STEMI associated with PM2.5 in the previous day than those aged &lt;65 years. Conclusions: Our study indicated a transient effect of short-term PM2.5 exposure on EDVs for STEMI. Patients aged &gt;= 65 years appeared to be particularly susceptible. Our findings suggest that studies of the association between PM exposure and AMI should consider AMI subtypes, lag times, and individual characteristics.Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support [zylx201303]; National Key Clinical specialty Construction ProjectSCI(E)[email protected]

Cause and effect of N/P ratio decline with eutrophication aggravation in shallow lakes

To explore the relationship and cause and effect between eutrophication and the nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) ratio, samples from 38 lakes in Wuhan City, China, with differing degrees of eutrophication, were collected for nutrient levels and extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) in the water column from July 2011 to November 2011. The phosphorus fraction, abundance and potential denitrification rate (PDR) as well as community composition of nirS-type denitrifier in sediments of five typical lakes were further analyzed. A higher trophic level index (TSI) corresponded to a lower N/P ratio, which can be attributed to a loss of N and an increase in P. Specifically, in more eutrophic lakes, the enrichment of total organic carbon and all forms of P in sediments could fuel PDR by shaping community composition and increasing the abundance of nirS-type denitrifier as evidenced by correlation and redundancy analysis, ultimately resulting in a loss of N. Meanwhile, iron-bound phosphorus release induced by anoxia and the hydrolysis of organic P accounted for the observed increase of P in the water column. The lower N/P ratio facilitated the production of leucine aminopeptidase, which was unexpectedly induced by high P but not by low N. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase was induced by high N but not by low P. These findings indicate a mutual coupling and interplay between N and P cycling and confirm our hypothesis that P accumulation accelerates N loss in the process of eutrophication. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p

VARIATION IN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF NirS-TYPE DENITRIFIERS IN SEDIMENT OF ASINS WITH DIFFERENT TROPHIC STATES WITHIN A SHALLOW LAKE

Denitrification is of great concern as part of the global nitrogen cycle leading to nitrogen loss from lake. However key factors controlling this process still remain unclear. A shallow Chinese lake (Lake QingLing) is divided into aquaculture zone (QLN) and natural zone covered by macrophytes (QLS), providing an ideal model to identify environment factors, rather than geographical and hydrological ones, affecting community structure of denitrifiers. Targeting the nirS gene and using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and cloning composition structure of denitrifiers were studied in sediment of Lake QingLing. Trophic states were largely different between the two basins. In parallel, a few unique T-RFs appeared in QLN. Furthermore, most sequences were grouped into Proteobacteria, majority genes from QLN were found to be prevalent in Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria while most sequences from QLS were in Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that organic matter (OM) in sediment, NH4+ and pH value in pore water were important environmental factors shaping these communities